gh-153005: Use a monotonic clock for concurrent.interpreters Queue timeouts

[fedonman]

concurrent.interpreters.Queue.get() and Queue.put() computed their timeout deadline from time.time(), the wall clock:

end = time.time() + timeout
...
if timeout is not None and time.time() >= end:
    raise

If the system clock is stepped (an NTP correction, a manual change) while a call is blocked, the deadline is off by the size of the adjustment, so the call can over- or under-wait. queue.Queue, which this queue is meant to be compatible with, uses time.monotonic() precisely to avoid that.

This computes the deadline and checks it against time.monotonic() instead, in both get() and put().

The issue also mentions that int(timeout) truncates a float timeout. That part was left out here on purpose: in the earlier PR #153006 a core reviewer asked to keep the clock change separate and to discuss the int() conversion (and the matching docs and other stdlib queues) first. This PR is only the monotonic-clock fix.

• Issue: concurrent.interpreters.Queue.get()/put() mishandle the timeout argument #153005

[python-cla-bot]

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[serhiy-storchaka]

LGTM. But could the test be simplified?

[fedonman]

Thanks, done.

[miss-islington-app]

Thanks @fedonman for the PR, and @serhiy-storchaka for merging it 🌮🎉.. I'm working now to backport this PR to: 3.13, 3.14, 3.15.
🐍🍒⛏🤖

[miss-islington-app]

Sorry, @fedonman and @serhiy-storchaka, I could not cleanly backport this to 3.14 due to a conflict.
Please backport using cherry_picker on command line.

cherry_picker b94b9c8886a987a324a677b5fda5bef27f15cb14 3.14

[miss-islington-app]

Sorry, @fedonman and @serhiy-storchaka, I could not cleanly backport this to 3.13 due to a conflict.
Please backport using cherry_picker on command line.

cherry_picker b94b9c8886a987a324a677b5fda5bef27f15cb14 3.13

[bedevere-app]

GH-155967 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.15 branch.

[bedevere-app]

GH-156018 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.14 branch.

[bedevere-app]

GH-156019 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.13 branch.