🐛 Fix notebook execution errors

[denialhaag]

Description

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Skip QDK's second transpilation of circuits already compiled by generate_data, fixing the unsupported hardware-qubit error in the documentation example.

Re-raise estimation and budget optimization failures so dataset generation cannot reuse previous results. Add regression coverage for amplitude-estimation benchmarks and failures after a successful iteration.

Set nb_execution_raise_on_error = True directly after nb_execution_mode in docs/conf.py so notebook execution errors fail documentation builds.

AI notice

This PR and its contents were created with the assistance of GPT-6 Astra via Codex.

Checklist

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
• I have added appropriate tests that cover the new/changed functionality.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 33.33333% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...imation/error_budget_optimization/generate_data.py	33.3%	2 Missing ⚠️

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