fix(cloud_functions): lowercase Android error codes with Locale.ROOT

[SelaseKay]

Description

Android maps Cloud Functions error codes with String.lowercase(Locale.getDefault()). On Turkish and Azerbaijani devices, that turns every I into a dotless ı, so documented comparisons such as e.code == 'failed-precondition' fail while codes without i still match.

This switches the mapping to Locale.ROOT (same approach as firebase_auth) and adds a JVM unit test that sets the default locale to tr-TR / az-AZ and asserts the canonical ASCII codes.

Related Issues

• Fixes [cloud_functions][android] Error codes are lowercased with the device locale — every code containing "i" breaks on Turkish/Azerbaijani devices #18647

Checklist

• I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
• My PR includes unit or integration tests for all changed/updated/fixed behaviors (See Contributor Guide).
• All existing and new tests are passing.
• I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
• The analyzer (melos run analyze) does not report any problems on my PR.
• I read and followed the Flutter Style Guide.
• I signed the CLA.
• I am willing to follow-up on review comments in a timely manner.

Breaking Change

• Yes, this is a breaking change.
• No, this is not a breaking change.

Test plan

• :cloud_functions:testDebugUnitTest passes with Turkish and Azerbaijani default locales
• Android unit-test workflow runs :cloud_functions:testDebugUnitTest on CI

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